Mu rwego rwubwubatsi bwa chimique, kugera kubikorwa byiza kandi byiza byo gutandukana no kweza nibyingenzi.Kimwe mu bikoresho byingirakamaro muri uyu murima ni ugukuramo no kwibanda.Iki gice cyateye imbere gihuza urwego rwikoranabuhanga rwo gukuramo, gutandukanya no kwibanda kubice byifuzwa bivanze.Igice gifite uruhare runini mu nganda zinyuranye, kuva mu miti kugeza gutunganya peteroli.
Ihame ryingenzi ryakazi ryo gukuramo no kwibanda hamwe ni uguhitamo guhitamo kimwe cyangwa byinshi byifuzwa bivuye muruvange ukoresheje umusemburo ukwiye.Ubu buryo ni ingirakamaro cyane mugihe utandukanije ibice byagaciro bivanze bivanze, kuko byemerera gukuramo amoko yifuzwa.Ukoresheje ibishishwa bitandukanye, ubushyuhe, imikazo hamwe nubuhanga bwo gutandukana, injeniyeri arashobora guhindura uburyo bwo kuvoma kugirango bikore neza.
Imwe mu nyungu zingenzi zo gukoresha igice cyo gukuramo no kwibanda hamwe nubushobozi bwo guhitamo guhitamo ibice mugihe usize ibintu udashaka.Uku guhitamo gushoboza gutandukanya ibice byingirakamaro biva mumwanda, bikavamo ibicuruzwa byanyuma kandi byibanze cyane.Kurugero, muruganda rwa farumasi, ibice bivoma bikoreshwa mugutandukanya ibikoresho bya farumasi bikora (APIs) nibimera cyangwa andi masoko karemano.Ibi bifasha gukora imiti ikora neza ifite umwanda muto.
Iyindi nyungu ikomeye yo gukuramo no guhuriza hamwe ni kongera imikorere yimiti.Muguhuza ibice byifuzwa, injeniyeri zigabanya ingano yumuti wo gukuramo, bigabanya ibikenerwa gutunganywa nyuma.Uku gutezimbere kugabanya ingufu zikoreshwa, gukoresha ibicuruzwa hamwe nigiciro rusange cyumusaruro.Byongeye kandi, ibisubizo byibanze bikunze kunoza inzira zo hasi nko korohereza cyangwa gutobora, kurushaho kongera umusaruro no kugabanya ibiciro.
Ibice byo kuvoma no kwibandaho bikoresha uburyo butandukanye bwo kuvoma nko kuvoma amazi-amazi (LLE), gukuramo ibyiciro bikomeye (SPE) hamwe no gukuramo amazi ya supercritical fluid (SFE), ukurikije imiterere yibigize nibisubizo byifuzwa.LLE ikubiyemo gushonga ibice bibiri byamazi bidasobanutse, mubisanzwe amazi yo mumazi hamwe na organic organic.SPE ikoresha matrices ikomeye nka carbone ikora cyangwa silika gel kugirango uhitemo adsorb ibice byifuzwa.SFE ikoresha amazi hejuru yingingo zikomeye kugirango yongere umusaruro.Buri tekinike ifite ibyiza byayo kandi ihitamo ukurikije ibisabwa byihariye.
Usibye gukuramo, icyerekezo cyibikoresho ni ngombwa kimwe.Kwishyira hamwe bigerwaho mugukuraho igisubizo mubisubizo byo gukuramo, hasigara igisubizo cyibanze cyangwa ibisigara bikomeye.Iyi ntambwe iremeza ko ibice byifuzwa biboneka murwego rwo hejuru cyane, bikaborohereza gukomeza gutunganya cyangwa gusesengura.Ubuhanga bukoreshwa mukwibandaho harimo guhumeka, kurigata, gukonjesha-gukama, hamwe no kuyungurura membrane, nibindi.
Guhumeka ni uburyo bukoreshwa cyane bwo kwibanda kubisubizo.Iyo ushyushye, umusemburo uhumeka, hasigara igisubizo cyibanze.Iyi nzira ni ingirakamaro cyane cyane kubice bihamye.Kurundi ruhande, distillation ikoreshwa mugihe aho guteka kwa solve iri munsi cyane ugereranije nibyifuzwa.Disillation itandukanya ibishishwa nibindi bice mugushyushya no guhumeka imyuka.Gukonjesha-gukama bifashisha inzinguzingo no kugabanya umuvuduko wo gukuraho ibishishwa, hasigara ibicuruzwa byumye, byibanze.Hanyuma, membrane iyungurura ikoresha ibyatoranijwe kugirango itandukane nibice byibanze.
Mu gusoza, ibice byo gukuramo no kwibanda bigira uruhare runini mubikorwa bitandukanye bya shimi mubikorwa bitandukanye.Igice gihuza tekinike yo gukuramo nka LLE, SPE na SFE kugirango uhitemo gukuramo ibice byifuzwa bivanze.Byongeye kandi, ikoresha uburyo butandukanye bwo kwibandaho, harimo guhumeka, kurigata, gukonjesha-gukama hamwe no kuyungurura membrane, kugirango byongere ubunini bwibintu byifuzwa.Rero, igice gifasha uburyo bwiza kandi buhendutse bwo gutandukanya no kweza, bikavamo ibicuruzwa byiza-byibanda cyane.Haba muri farumasi, gutunganya amavuta cyangwa izindi nganda zikora imiti, ibice byo gukuramo no kwibanda hamwe nigikoresho cyingirakamaro mugukurikirana indashyikirwa.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-23-2023